Web Fundamentals
Master the core concepts behind modern systems and how they work together.
How The Internet Works
Build a mental model of how the internet connects clients and servers through layered protocols and infrastructure
Abstraction & the OSI Model
Understand network abstraction layers and the OSI model to reason clearly about how data moves across systems.
How DNS Works
Learn how DNS translates domain names into IP addresses so clients can find and connect to services.
TCP & UDP
How transport protocols coordinate reliable or low-latency communication between applications across the Internet.
HTTP, HTTPS, and APIs
How web communication works: HTTP structures requests, HTTPS secures them, and APIs define how software systems interact.
IP & Routing
How IP addressing and routing move packets across interconnected networks to reach the correct destination on the Internet.
Inside the Server
Follow what happens inside a server when a request arrives, from routing and logic execution to response generation.
Databases
How databases store, organize, and reliably retrieve persistent data that applications depend on.
Authentication & Authorization
Learn the difference between authentication and authorization and how they protect access in modern applications.